WOOD VINEGAR
SIAM DAN LEH A HMAN DAN



   WOOD VINEGAR (MEIHAWL THAU/HRIAK/TUI)

-Source-

WOOD VINEGAR

Siam Dan Leh a Hman Dan

Reproduced by

Agriculture Department Govt. of Mizoram

A siam dan :

       Meihawl thau lachhuak tur chuan meihawl rawh dan pangngai angin Thing, Mau leh Hnah te rawh theih vek a ni. A remchan dan a zirin inah emaw ramah emaw a tih mai theih. A awlsam dan ber chu Barrel tan bun hmanga meihawl rawh a ni. Tichuan, Barrel hmangin lo siam ta ila; Barrel mawng lamah meikhu chhuahna dawt Plain-sheet a siam, a awn chhovin feet 3 vel a sei vuahna kua siam tur a ni a, a lu lam aṭangin kan rawh tur hmanruate chu Barrel hnuai lam tlem a kang in uluk tak leh muk taka rem hnuah a kawngka zatve hnuailam zawng kharna siam tur a ni. Chumi dawtah Barrel chhin pangngaiin a mei tuahna tur kua siamin chhinphui leh tur a ni. Tichuan a meichhuahna tur kua kan siamah chuan meichhem tawh tur a ni. Tin, a meikhu chhuahna dawt Plain-sheet a siam aṭanga meikhu lo la chhawng turin mau pum kawrawng (pipe) 2-4 metre a sei vuah tur a ni. A meikhu chhuahna hmawr leh mau pipe kha, inkar nei deuh a vuah tur a ni. 30 cm. vel a hla a dah a ṭha. Mau pipe chu 30° vel a awn a dah tur a ni. A meikhu chhuahna nen a inkar chu meikhu ṭha taka a lakchhawn theih nan changel kawr in emaw, plain-sheet in emaw khuh tur a ni. Meikhu lo lachhawngtu mau pipe chu meikhu chhuahna dawt aia te lo hman tur a ni. Tin, Barrel pumpui kha leiin emaw vur phui vek tur a ni. Tichuan, meikhu a dawt a lo chhuak chu a var chhah ngan chuan, thing kan rawh chu a lo mut/kang ṭan tawh tihna a lo ni a, hetih lai hian a sat zawng chu 80℃ a sa a lo ni tawh ang. Mau pipe hmawr a tui (wood vinegar) lo far chhuak chu plastic bucket in emaw dawh tawh mai tur a ni. Thing a kang/mut ṭan tawh tihah hian a meichhemna thuk chu chhawm a ngai tawh lova, a kua chu hlum hmanga kuttum leng vel chauhva kua in hnawhphui tawh tur a ni. Thing a kan tan aṭanga darkar 10 - 12 vel hnuah chuan a khu chu a lo pawdal riai ang a, Wood Vinegar lo far chhuak chu a lo tlem tawh bawk ang a, Wood Vinegar kan dawh chu tihtawp a, a meichhemna thuk chu tihphui a, a hnu 30 minute velah a meikhu chhuahna dawt chu phawichhuah a, hlum a char phui leh tur a ni. Wood vinegar kan dahkhawm chu plastic/rubber lam chi burah hmun dai, thimtham lam deuh a dah a, phui taka chhin a, a rei lo berah thla 3-6 tal dah ṭhat a ṭha ber. Barrel chhunga meihawl kan rawh chu a daih hnuah lakchhuah mai tur a ni.

      Meihawl kan rawh dawn chuan, thingro ai emaw mau lam chi a ṭha ber a, heng bakah hian bawlhhlawh kang thei chi leh hnim hring te pawh an hman theih vek a ni. Meihawl kan rawh tam leh tlem a zirin Wood Vinegar kan lakchhuah chu a tlemin a tam mai dawn a ni. Entirnan - Kan meihawl rawh tur thing chu 100 Kg. nise, meihawl chu 25 Kg. kan nei ang a, Wood Vinegar chu 8 Litres vel a hawng thei ang, Wood Vinegar hlang ṭha chu 5 Litres kan khawl thei ang.


A thlit fim dan :

      Wood Vinegar tlingkhawm kha hman mai loh a ṭha, hman hmain thlit fim leh phawt tur a ni. Hetiang hian thlit fim tur a ni.

      Meihawl thau tlingkhawm kha bucket-ah che lovin rei tawk dah phawt tur a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan meihawl thau tlingkhawm chu thuah thumin (three layers) a in thliar ang a, a chung ber chuan thau tlem a pai ve a, ṭangkaina vak a nei lo. Mahse hnim ṭhenkhat chuan an thih pui ve thei. A dawt (middle layer) chu a ṭangkai ber leh a ṭha ber (wood vinegar) kan tih a chu a ni. A mawng ber (bottom layer) chu a ek chhia (tar) an tih mai chu a ni a, hei hi thlai, ran leh mihring tan a ṭha lo thei a ni. Mahse, thingkung nget leh ban eichhetu ven nan a ṭha a, a bul ah hnawih mai tur a ni.

      A tuifim (Wood Vinegar) kha vaipuan nemin thlitfim leh phawt tur a ni. Chumi hnuah a fim leh zual nan meihawl hmangin a tih fim leh theih bawk. Hetiangin -

      Meihawl thau fir (wood vinegar) hmun za a ṭhen a hmun nga (5%) a tam meihawl rawt dip leh Wood Vinegar, vai puan nem a thlit fim kha chawhpawlh tur a ni. Entirnan - Wood Vinegar 5 lits.-ah chuan meihawl rawt dip 250 gms. telh tur a ni. A tirah chuan a dum vek phawt ang a, meihawl nawi leh bawlhhlawh zawng zawng kha bucket mawng a a tlakkhawm vek hnuah chuan Wood Vinegar chu tuisik fim tak ang maiin a lo fim kak tawh ang. Hetianga tih fim tawh hnuah chuan meihawl thau chu a ṭul dan anga hman theih a ni tawh a ni.

      A chung a meihawl thau thlitfim dan kan sawi tak khi a rei deuh kan tih chuan, hetiang hian a thlit fim leh theih bawk a ni. Meihawl thau tlingkhawm kha bucket-ah che lovin engemaw chen dah a, meihawl thau chu Distillation Plant-ah current hmangin a thlit fim theih bawk a ni. Hetiang hian -

      Meihawl thau bucket/plastic bur a kan dahkhawm chu a hma- sa in Whatman Filter Paper No. 42 in kan filter phawt ang a, chutah Distillation Plant-ah kan thlifim leh ang a, chuta kan thlitfim chu a ṭul dan anga hman theih a ni tawh a ni. Distillation Plant hmang a meihawl thau thlit fim ah hi chuan meihawl thau tlingkhawm kha rei tak pawh dah ngai lovin thlitfim nghal mai theih a ni.

      Tin, hei bakah hian Mizo Zu thlawr dan pangngai ang in meihawl thau a thlitfim mai theih a ni.

MEIHAWL THAU A THIL AWM CHI HRANG HRANG TE :

      Meihawl thau hi thil chi hrang hrang in pawlh a ni a, a thur bawk a. Chuvangin meihawl thau hian a thur pai (Acetic Acid) avang hian natna hrik a thianfai (sterilise) thei a ni. Meihawl hian bawlhlo chi hnih Methyl Alcohol leh Phennol a pai bawk. Hei vang hian meihawl thau no khat leh tui no 100 (1:100) chawhpawlh hian mit lawng a hmuh tham loh hrik te tak te te inthlah pung tur a ti ṭhuanawp thei bawk. Amaherawhchu hei ai a dal (1:200) a pawlh chuan a hmaa kan sawi tak hrik tan khan chaw ṭha tak a ni thung.

      Meihawl thau thlai ven nana a ṭangkaina chu chipchiarin Table 1 ah tarlan a ni.

MEIHAWL THAU ŢANGKAINA TE :

  1. A let 100 - 200 a tam, tui nena pawlh hnuah leiṭha khur (Compost pit) a telh atan a ṭha.
  2. Thlai zung tisawrbawktu thlai rulhut (nematode) Control nan a hman theih. Meihawl thau pawlhdal 20 cc. a tam kha lei 15 cm. a thukah kah tur a ni.
  3. A let 500 a tam tui nen a pawlh hnuah thlai natna (Powdery Mildew etc) Control nan a hman theih.
  4. Thlai ṭhan ṭhat nan leh ṭhan chak tir nan a hman theih a, a par hnua tih nulat rei nan pawh a ṭangkai hle.
  5. A let 1000 a tam tui nan a pawlh hnuin thlai kuina (nursery bed) a thlai chi a ṭiah ran nan a hman theih. Heng thlai atan hian hman a ni ber. Tomato, Buluih, Carrot, Fanghma, Bekang, Buh etc.
  6. Lo neih lama hman chi hlo chi hrang hrang (agricultural chemicals) rannung thahna hlo te, thlai natna venna hlo (fungicide leh bactericide) leh leitihṭhatna (fertilizers)-te nena chawhpawlhin a hman theih bawk. Heng hlo chi hrang hrang hian meihawl thau nena pawlh hian an thawk chak zawk a ni.
  7. Tui nena pawlhdal hnuah thlai hmun a thehin thlai rulhut (nematodes) chi hrang hrang leh thlai natna hrik lei a awm a ti tlem a, hetih lai hian thlai chaw siamtu rannung te tak te te, mit lawng a hmuh tham loh (microbes) a tipung thung.
  8. Thlai zungin a ṭhan ṭhat phah a, thlai a dam rei bawk.
  9. Bawngek nena chawhpawlhin a uih rimchhia a tireh vek thei. Chutiang meihawl thau nena chawhpawlh bawngek chu thlai tan a ṭha bik.
  10. Pawlhdal hnuin ran chaw a pawlh a tih chi. Chutiang ran chaw ei, bawng emaw, ran dang emaw chu an sa a ṭha bik.
  11. Kawṭhalo tan a ṭha a, pan, kang leh pan pun a hnawih atan a ṭha bawk.

MEIHAWL THAU HMAN DAN :

      1. Thlai hnah kah nan : Kawng hnihin thlaihnah tan a ṭangkai.
            (1) Thlai chaw in siam a ṭanpui a, thlaiin chaw a siam chak phah a, thlaiin a ṭhan phah bawk.
            (2) Hlo eng pawh thlai a kah reng reng, thlai peng hrang hrang chak taka insiam darh zung zung turin meihawl thau hian a ṭanpui.
      Thlai natna ven nan leh thlai eichhetu rannung hnawh bo nan a ṭha tih avangin meihawl thau hi tak deuh deuh a hman tur a ni lo a, duh zat zat hman tur a ni lo bawk.       2. Kah zin lam : Japan ram a an tihdan angin thlai hnah emaw, a rah emaw seng hma ni 15 na thlengin ni 15-20 dan zel a vawi 2 emaw, vawi 3 emaw kah tur a ni.
      Thlai seng hun hmaa kah hian meihawl thau a hlo awm ‘ester’ khan thlai chaw pawimawh tak pahnih ‘Amino Acid’ leh thlum (sugar) kha chak taka insiam turin a ṭanpui a ni. Serthlum rah, ni eng hmu ṭha mang lo pawh meihawl thau a kah chuan a thlum sawt thei bawk. Meihawl thau a kah tawh reng reng chuan Amino Acid a pai tam a, a thlum bik a, a tui bik bawk a, a rim pawh a tui bik a ni.
      Serthlum chauh ni lovin thei dang leh thlai pawh meihawl thau a kah hian a tui phah a, natna (wilting) pawh a ven phah bawk.
      3. Tui pawlh zat tur : Meihawl thau fir hi a hlang (concentrate) chuan a tak lutuk a, hman chi a ni lo. Tui nena pawlhdal hnua hman tur a ni. A tlangpuiin a let 100 aia tam tui nen pawlh a ni ber. A let 300 aia tlem (below 300 times) tui nen a pawlh chuan a tak, a chak lutuk bawk. Tin, a let 1000 aia tam tui pawlh chuan a dal lutuk thung a, a ṭangkai tur angin a thawk thei lo a ni.
      Tak deuh mai (below 300 times) hman chuan meihawl thau chu thlaiin a chhiat phah thei. Thlaiin a ngeih loh chuan a hnuaia sawi ang hian thlai a lo awm ang.
            (i) Thlai hnah rawng dangin a kap thliah thliah ang (spots emerged).
            (ii) Thlai a lo fek ang.
            (iii) Engemaw chen chu thlai ṭhan a thu ang.
            (iv) A hnuah a ṭhang thut ang a, a rah a hmin tlai bawk ang.
      4. Thildang nen chawhpawlhin a hman theih : Meihawl thau hi thildang a mil zawng tak nena chawhpawlhin amah lawng ngawt ai chuan a thawk chak zawk. Chung pawlh chi te chu tuifinriat lungsam, sangha ruhro den sawm, chakai kawmkawraw leh kaikuang kawr densawm te a ni. Heng thil nena chawhpawlh meihawl thau chu thlaia kahin thlai hnahin a mamawh Amino Acid a lo hip chak phah sauh ṭhin a ni.
      Tin, meihawl thau leh purunvar chawhpawlh hi thlai natna ṭhenkhat a hnah ro (blight), vutbuak natna (powdery mildew) leh a hnah khawr (downy mildew) natna ven nan leh control nan a ṭha bawk.

THLAI HMUNA HMAN DAN :

      Thlai hmun (soil) ah meihawl thau hi kawng thumin a ṭangkai :-
            (i) Lei a awm thlai natna hrik leh thlai eichhetu rannung inthlah pung tur a ti ṭhuanawp.
            (ii) Lei a thlai chaw awm thlai hman theih tura insiam zung zung turin a ṭanpui a, lei tihṭhatna (fertilizer) theh pawh thlaiin a hmang ṭangkai bawk.
            (iii) Lei a thil al (salts) chi hrang hrang tam lutuk tur a veng (ti tlem).
      Meihawl thau hi leia theh (hman) a ṭha tih hre mah ila, chawplehchilh a a ṭhatna lang nghal mai tura beisei chi a ni lo. Lei a awm thlai rulhut leh natna hrik pawh a control thei naa, a ṭangkai tur zia lang tur chuan a tlem berah kum thum tal hman chhunzawm a ngai a ni.
      Hun rei tak chhung lei tihṭhatna (fertilizer) hman avanga da tawh leiah chuan ran ek leh thlai hnah ṭawih (compost) nena ṭangkawpin meihawl thau hi hman tur a ni a, thawh pawh a thawk chak sawt nghe nghe a ni.

LEI (SOIL) A THEH (HMAN/KAH) HUN :

      Lei tihṭhatna atan chuan a ni lo berah thlai phun/tuh hma karkhatah meihawl thau hi theh emaw kah ngei ngei tur a ni. Thlaiin a huat theih avangin tak deuh chu hman loh tur a ni.
      Lei a meihawl thau theh hian a thur pai chi khat ‘Organic Acid’ leh lei a thil al awm (alkaline substance) a in tawklawi (react) a, chu chuan thil nung eng pawhin a huat boruak hlauhawm deuh mai ‘Carbon Monoxide’ a siamchhuak a. He boruak Carbon Mono- xide hi hrik te tak te te (bacteria) tan a hlauhawm ang bawkin thlai zung tan pawh a hlauhawm tho a, a nasat viau phei chuan thlai zung a ṭawih thei hial a ni. Hei vang hian meihawl thau lei a kah/theh aṭanga kar khat hnuah chauh thlai chi thlak a, thlai ṭiak phun tur a ni. Hman aṭanga thla khat hnuah chuan meihawl thau a thil chi hrang hrang kha thlai hman theihah a lo chang vek tawh a ni.

LEI A THEH DAWN A HRIAT TUR ŢUL TE :

      Meihawl thau, a let 300 aia tam tui nena pawlh kha metre khat bialah 6 litres zel, lei lehphut hnu, thlai chi thlak hma leh thlai ṭiak phun hmain rual takin theh tur a ni. (Lei lehphut hma pawhin a theh theih tho). Hetiang taka ruala theh chuan leichunglang 50 cm. a thuk thlengin meihawl thau hian a chiah hnawng pha a ni. Leichhung thuk deuh hlek chiah hnawng tur chuan a kah a kah luh a ngai.

      Ran ek leh hnim hnah ṭawih (compost) nen pawlh meihawl thau hi hman kawp theih. Compost theh darh hnuah meihawl thau theh a, lei lehphut tur a ni. Meihawl thau hi hrik te tak te te, mit a hmuh tham loh (microbes) thlai chaw siamtu tan ṭha tak a ni.

THEI HUAN LEH PANGPAR HMUN A HMAN DAN :

      Thei huanah chuan meihawl thau a let 30% - 50% a tam tuia pawlh dal kha metre 1000 bialah 500 litres zel theh/leih tur a ni.
      Pangpar huan leh bel (pot) a khawi chi pangpar tan chuan a hmaa kan sawi anga pawlhdal meihawl thau kha a chinna/phunna tur lei (soil) ah leih phawt a, a hnu ni 10 - 15 velah pangpar kha phun chauh tur a ni.

RAN EK LEH HNAH ŢAWIH KHUR COMPOST PIT A TELH DAN :

      Leiṭha khur (compost pit) a ran ek leh hnimhnah a ṭul ang zat hnawhkhah hnuah meihawl thau a let 100 a tam tuia pawlh dalin leih tur a ni. Tichuan leiṭha khura thil dah kha a let hnih a rangin a ṭawih hma a ni. Vawk ek leh ar ek phei chu meihawl thau leih hian a ṭawih rang leh zual a ni.
      Leiṭha khurah hian meihawl thau bakah meihawl rawt dip (10%) telh bawk ila, leiṭha khura thil dah kha a ṭawih hma leh zual (leiṭhaah a chang hma leh zual). Meihawl rawt dip 30% lai telh phei chuan leiṭha khurah ran ek leh hnah a lo ṭawihin boruak (oxygen) a insiam a, chu chu boruak alh thei (gas) a lo siam leh a, chu gas chu meihawl hian a hip bo vek a, leiṭha khur pawh a so pawng ve thur ngai lo, hnawh belh a ngaih loh phah bawk. Hetiang a siam compost-ah hian thlai natna hrik (bacteria) a inthlah pung thei lo a. Chutih lai chuan lei a hrik te reuh te te, mit a hmuh tham loh (actinomycetes) thlai chaw siamtu pawimawh tak tan compost chu chaw ṭha tak a ni lawi si a ni. Hetiang compost hi thlai hmunah theh chuan lei tihṭhat nan a hranpa a meihawl thau theh a ngai tawh lo.

MEIHAWL THAU ŢANGKAINA DANGTE :

      1. Thlai chawpui ‘Nitrogen’ pai chi leh lei tihṭhatna (fertilizer) pek tam lutuk avanga buhvui a ro chuan a hnuaia sawi ang hian meihawl thau pek tur a ni. Buh hmun a tui tling sah kang phawt tur a ni. A hnuah meihawl thau, a let 300 a tam tui a pawlhdal, 500 litres kha buh hmunah leih tur a ni. A hnu ni hnihnaah tui tlin tir leh tur a ni.

RAN EK RIMCHHIA TIH REH NAN :

      2. Meihawl thau, a let 50 a tam tuia pawlhdalin ran ek kha vawi hnih vawi thum leih ila, a uih leh hing rimchhia a reh duak thei.

RANCHAW (FOOD) TIH TUI NAN :

      3. Meihawl thau 1% favai/wheat vai chiah chu Bawng, Vawk, Kel leh Ar in a ei duh hle. Japan ramah chuan ran chaw leh meihawl thau chawlhpawlh ei ho Ar chu an sa a sen no chak mai, a tui hmel hle.




TABLE 1 : THLAI VEN NANA MEIHAWL THAU ŢANGKAINATE ::

THLAI HMING THLAI NATNA/
EICHHETU RANNUNG		 MEIHAWL THAU (WV)
MAMAWH ZAT
Tomato Thlai rulhut vanga chawrche. WV a let 50 atam tui nena pawlh a, thlai bul lei kah tur.
Tomato Virus natna WV a let 200 a tam tui nena pawlh a, nikhatah vawikhat kah tur.
Tomato Thlai zung ṭawih Thlai phunna tur leiah favai leh meihawl dip phul a, meihawl thau leih bawk tur.
Fanghma Vutbuak leh a hnah khawr natna WV let 200 a tam tui leh purunvar pawlh a, kah tur.
Fanghma
leh Bawkbawn		 Hmuar leh vutbuak natna WV let 200 a tam tui nen a pawlh a, kah tur.
Bawkbawn A kung vuai leh thi natna. Thlakhat danah ran ek, tui leh meihawl thau chawhpawlh a, thlai ṭona lei leih tur.
Dawnfawh leh Hmazil Thlai rulhut avanga a zung sawrbawk natna. Tuh hmain dawnfawh leh hmazil hmunah meihawl rawt dip phul a, meihawl thau kah bawk tur.
Strawberry Thlai rulhut vanga zung sawrbawk. Meihawl thau a let 100 - 200 atam tui nena pawlh a, a bul phutah kah tur.
Chinese A zung sawrbawk natna Ran ek leh Compost thlai hmunah theh a, meihawl thau a leih zui tur.
Zikhlum A hnah ro natna Fungicide leh Meihawl thau a let 200 - 300 a tam tui nena chawh- pawlh a, ni 10 -15 dan a kah tur.
Zikhlum Vutbuak natna Meihawl let 200 a tam tui nena pawlh a, ni 5 dan zel a kah tur.
Buluih
Chinese Cabbage		 A ṭiak thi thut thut. WV let 200 a tam tui nen a pawlh a, thlai hmun (soil) - a leih tur.
Kawlbahra Thlai rulhut vanga natna. A hmun (soil) kha WV a let 100 - 200 a tam tui nena pawlh a, chutiang a pawlh dal 200 litres leh Potassium Sulphate 10-20 gm. chawhpawlh a kah tur.
Bulbawksen(Beet) A ṭiak thi WV a let a tam tui nen a pawlh a, thlai hmun (soil) kha kartin vawi 4/5 kah tur.
Grape
leh
Per thei		 Vutbuak natna leh A tuihnang dawt tur (lich) WV let 50 a tam tui nena pawlh a, kah tur.
Chrysanthemum A hnah a var thluah thluahin (white rust) A hmun (soil) 200 metres biala zau kha WV 150 litres a leih huh tur.

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